{"id":14706,"date":"2025-10-13T23:37:42","date_gmt":"2025-10-13T21:37:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/energies-renovables\/bateries-fisiques-vs-bateries-virtuals-en-industria-quina-conve-i-quan\/"},"modified":"2026-02-20T10:09:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T09:09:36","slug":"bateries-fisiques-vs-bateries-virtuals-en-industria-quina-conve-i-quan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/energies-renovables\/bateries-fisiques-vs-bateries-virtuals-en-industria-quina-conve-i-quan\/","title":{"rendered":"Bateries f\u00edsiques vs bateries virtuals en ind\u00fastria: quina conv\u00e9 i quan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conceptes-basics-sense-argot\">Conceptes b\u00e0sics sense argot<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bateria f\u00edsica (maquinari):<\/strong> equip d&#8217;emmagatzematge \u2014normalment ion-liti\u2014 que acumula <strong>quilowatts-hora (kWh)<\/strong> per utilitzar-los despr\u00e9s. Serveix per a <g id=\"gid_2\">time-shifting<\/g> (moure kWh del migdia a la tarda\/nit) i <g id=\"gid_3\">peak-shaving<\/g> (retallar puntes de demanda i baixar pot\u00e8ncia contractada). Efici\u00e8ncia t\u00edpica del cicle: <strong>90\u201396%<\/strong> .  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bateria virtual (servei):<\/strong> la teva comercialitzadora converteix els <strong>excedents<\/strong> que aboques a la xarxa en un <strong>saldo en euros (\u20ac)<\/strong> que descompta factures futures (de vegades d&#8217;altres subministraments del grup). No aporta energia a un tall de xarxa. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>La idea que mana: bateria <strong>f\u00edsica = guarda kWh<\/strong> | bateria <strong>virtual = guarda \u20ac<\/strong> .<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Necessites una recomanaci\u00f3 per al teu cas? Consulta el nostre <strong>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/servei\/bateries-per-les-installacions-fotovoltaiques\/\">servei de bateries per a instal\u00b7lacions fotovoltaiques<\/a>\n<\/strong> . <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-quins-escenaris-guanya-cada-opcio\">A quins escenaris guanya cada opci\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quan-sol-guanyar-la-bateria-fisica\">Quan sol guanyar la bateria f\u00edsica<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>pics cars de pot\u00e8ncia<\/strong> o penalitzacions per sobrepassar la contractada: el <strong>peak-shaving<\/strong> retalla aquestes puntes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>consum vespert\u00ed\/nocturn<\/strong> rellevant amb excedent al migdia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>continu\u00eftat de servei<\/strong> : processos sensibles a microtalls; possibilitat de <strong>c\u00f2pia de seguretat<\/strong> amb el sistema d&#8217;emmagatzematge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>compensaci\u00f3 baixa de l&#8217;excedent<\/strong> : gran difer\u00e8ncia entre el que pagues per kWh i el que et paguen per abocar (spread alt).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quan-sol-guanyar-la-bateria-virtual\">Quan sol guanyar la bateria virtual<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>capex zero<\/strong> o pressupost limitat: vols estalviar <strong>ja<\/strong> sense obra ni espai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>consum di\u00fcrn<\/strong> estable, sense pics rellevants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>diverses seus (CUPS)<\/strong> : el saldo es pot aplicar a altres subministraments (segons condicions).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fisica-vs-virtual-inversio-eficiencia-i-risc\">F\u00edsica vs virtual: inversi\u00f3, efici\u00e8ncia i risc<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tot i que totes dues redueixen factura, funcionen amb l\u00f2giques oposades.<br\/> La <strong>f\u00edsica<\/strong> requereix <strong>inversi\u00f3<\/strong> (equip + integraci\u00f3), per\u00f2 et d\u00f3na <strong>control operatiu<\/strong> (kW i kWh) i pot reduir la <strong>pot\u00e8ncia contractada<\/strong> . La <strong>virtual<\/strong> no necessita cap inversi\u00f3 ni manteniment; el seu resultat dep\u00e8n del <strong>preu de compensaci\u00f3<\/strong> i de la <strong>lletra del contracte<\/strong> . <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"taula-comparativa-rapida\">Taula comparativa r\u00e0pida<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>criteri<\/th><th>bateria f\u00edsica<\/th><th>bateria virtual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>inversi\u00f3 inicial<\/td><td>alta (\u20ac\/kWh, \u20ac\/kW)<\/td><td>nul\u00b7la<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>manteniment\/espai<\/td><td>s\u00ed<\/td><td>no<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>efici\u00e8ncia\/valor<\/td><td>90\u201396% anada-tornada<\/td><td>preu de compensaci\u00f3 (sol &lt; preu compra)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>talls de xarxa<\/td><td>s\u00ed (backup)<\/td><td>no<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>reducci\u00f3 de pot\u00e8ncia<\/td><td>s\u00ed (peak-shaving)<\/td><td>no<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>velocitat de desplegament<\/td><td>obra i permisos<\/td><td>immediata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>risc principal<\/td><td>degradaci\u00f3\/garanties<\/td><td>condicions\/preus del contracte<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"com-decidir-en-3-passos-amb-la-corba-de-carrega-com-a-arbitre\">Com decidir en 3 passos (amb la corba de c\u00e0rrega com a \u00e0rbitre)<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Analitza el teu \u201cquan\u201d<\/strong><br\/> Usa 12 mesos de consum horari (o 15 min). Segmenta per per\u00edodes tarifaris i torns. Calcula percentils <strong>95\u201399<\/strong> de demanda per localitzar puntes  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modela l&#8217;estalvi<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>f\u00edsica:<\/strong> kWh despla\u00e7ats a hores cares + reducci\u00f3 de pot\u00e8ncia \u2212 p\u00e8rdues \u2212 OPEX \u2192 calcula <strong>VAN<\/strong> i <strong>TIR<\/strong> amb vida \u00fatil i degradaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>virtual:<\/strong> excedents \u00d7 preu de compensaci\u00f3 \u2013 costos\/ l\u00edmits del servei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regla pr\u00e0ctica<\/strong><br\/> Si l&#8217; <strong>spread<\/strong> (compra \u2212 compensaci\u00f3) \u00e9s <strong>alt<\/strong> o hi ha <strong>pics<\/strong> \/demanda nocturna \u2192 la <strong>f\u00edsica<\/strong> sol guanyar a llarg termini a <strong>VAN<\/strong> .<br\/> Si no hi ha pics, el consum \u00e9s di\u00fcrn i el <strong>CAPEX<\/strong> \u00e9s fre \u2192 comen\u00e7a amb <strong>virtual<\/strong> .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exemple-numeric-simple-per-veure-magnituds\">Exemple num\u00e8ric simple (per veure magnituds)<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>FV 600 kWp \u2192 ~ <strong>960 MWh\/any<\/strong> . Excedent probable: <strong>25%<\/strong> \u2192 240 MWh. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compra mitjana: <strong>0,12 \u20ac\/kWh<\/strong> | Compensaci\u00f3: <strong>0,06 \u20ac\/kWh<\/strong> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>nom\u00e9s virtual<\/strong> \u2192 240.000 kWh \u00d7 0,06 \u20ac = <strong>14.400 \u20ac\/any<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>f\u00edsica<\/strong> (500 kWh \/ 250 kW, 300 cicles\/any, 92%):<br\/> kWh \u00fatils\/any \u2248 500\u00d7300\u00d70,92 = <strong>138 MWh<\/strong> .<br\/> Valor despla\u00e7ament (de 0,06 a 0,12 \u20ac) = <strong>8.280 \u20ac\/any<\/strong><br\/> <strong>+ peak-shaving<\/strong> (\u2212150 kW a P1\/P2): <strong>8\u201315 k\u20ac\/any<\/strong> segons preus.<br\/> Total estimat: <strong>16\u201323 k\u20ac\/any<\/strong> (menys OPEX).<br\/> <strong>moralitat:<\/strong> el <strong>peak-shaving<\/strong> pot inclinar la balan\u00e7a cap a la <strong>f\u00edsica<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tecnologies-de-bateria-fisica-el-que-realment-importa\">Tecnologies de bateria f\u00edsica (el que realment importa)<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ion-liti (LFP\/NMC):<\/strong> est\u00e0ndard industrial; bon cicle i densitat; BMS cr\u00edtic i entorn t\u00e8rmic controlat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>plom-\u00e0cid (AGM\/gel):<\/strong> cost baix, densitat baixa; avui residual en ind\u00fastria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>flux (vanadi\u2026):<\/strong> gran escala i vida llarga; espai i CAPEX alts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>M\u00e9s que la qu\u00edmica, decideix el <strong>cas d&#8217;\u00fas<\/strong> : pot\u00e8ncia (kW), energia (kWh), cicles\/any, profunditat de desc\u00e0rrega i sala (seguretat, ventilaci\u00f3, normativa).<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"riscos-i-lletra-petita\">Riscos i lletra petita<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>virtual:<\/strong> compensa el 100%? caduca el saldo? aplica a altres CUPS? topall mensual? Risc <strong>contractual\/regulatori<\/strong> .    <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>f\u00edsica:<\/strong> <strong>degradaci\u00f3 anual<\/strong> , garanties per anys o throughput, requisits d&#8217;instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 (protecci\u00f3 contra incendis, ventilaci\u00f3), <strong>integraci\u00f3 amb inversor i SCADA<\/strong> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"estrategia-hibrida-lopcio-guanyadora-moltes-vegades\">Estrat\u00e8gia h\u00edbrida (l&#8217;opci\u00f3 guanyadora moltes vegades)<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dimensiona la <strong>bateria f\u00edsica<\/strong> per cobrir els pics i el tram vespert\u00ed rendible (cicles que paguen). Els <strong>excedents residuals<\/strong> que segueixin sobrant, <strong>a bateria virtual<\/strong> .<br\/> Resultat: m\u00e9s <strong>autoconsum \u00fatil<\/strong> , <strong>menys pot\u00e8ncia contractada<\/strong> i <strong>0 kWh desaprofitats<\/strong> . <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"checklist-per-tancar-la-decisio\">Checklist per tancar la decisi\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>corba de c\u00e0rrega 12 mesos segmentada per per\u00edodes\/torns<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perfil FV horari per kWp validat (PR i p\u00e8rdues)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>estimaci\u00f3 d&#8217;excedents i pics coincidents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VAN\/TIR de <strong>f\u00edsica<\/strong> (kWh despla\u00e7ats + pot\u00e8ncia)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>condicions de <strong>virtual<\/strong> (compensaci\u00f3, l\u00edmits, caducitat, multi-CUPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>espai\/obra\/seguretat (si f\u00edsica)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>decisi\u00f3: <strong>f\u00edsica \/ virtual \/ h\u00edbrida<\/strong> amb KPI i payback objectiu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"preguntes-frequents-sobre-diferents-tipus-de-bateries\">Preguntes freq\u00fcents sobre diferents tipus de bateries<\/h2>\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1760390962938\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"puc-combinar-la-bateria-fisica-i-virtual\">Puc combinar la bateria f\u00edsica i virtual?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>S\u00ed. la f\u00edsica cobreix pics i tarda\/nit; la virtual monetitza la resta. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1760390991289\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"la-bateria-virtual-em-serveix-en-un-tall-de-xarxa\">La bateria virtual em serveix en un tall de xarxa?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Ofereix saldo en factura, no energia. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1760391037249\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"quina-mida-de-bateria-fisica-trio\">Quina mida de bateria f\u00edsica trio?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Part dels teus <strong>becs<\/strong> i del <strong>tram vespert\u00ed<\/strong> . escombra kW\/kWh i tria el <strong>VAN m\u00e0xim<\/strong> , no el kWh m\u00e0xim. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1760391059801\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \" id=\"quan-competeix-be-la-virtual\">Quan competeix b\u00e9 la virtual?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Quan la <strong>compensaci\u00f3<\/strong> s&#8217;acosta al <strong>preu de compra<\/strong> i no tens pics ni consum nocturn important.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Vols que fem l&#8217;estudi f\u00edsic vs virtual amb el teu revolt real i et diguem quina opci\u00f3 d\u00f3na m\u00e9s VAN i quant pots baixar la pot\u00e8ncia contractada? Demana&#8217;ns l&#8217;an\u00e0lisi i et tornem recomanaci\u00f3, xifres i mem\u00f2ria t\u00e8cnica llesta per a decisi\u00f3. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La bateria f\u00edsica guarda kWh en un equip i permet moure energia a tarda\/nit i retallar pics de pot\u00e8ncia (backup incl\u00f2s). La bateria virtual guarda \u20ac: monetitza els teus excedents a la factura sense instal\u00b7lar res. Lelecci\u00f3 dep\u00e8n de la teva corba de c\u00e0rrega, els pics i el pressupost; en molts casos, l\u201festrat\u00e8gia h\u00edbrida (f\u00edsica + virtual) maximitza l\u201festalvi.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energies-renovables"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14706"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17810,"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14706\/revisions\/17810"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotovol.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}